concepts for converting a physical non-electrical quantity into an electrical quantity. conventional and modern transducing systems, such as resistive, capacitive, magnetic, photovoltaic, piezoelectric, hall effect, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and others. instrumentation systems for displacement, strain, force, toque, pressure, flow, acceleration, vibration, temperature, and humidity measurement. measurement systems are categorized and explained with examples of actual transducers and sensors used in measurement and mechatronics systems. The selection criteria of the transducers and sensors, and the signal conditioning elements. design and build projects for an actual and functional measurement system with contemporary issues and applications.