In this work, the synergistic effects of adsorption and ammonium precipitation were evaluated for V2O5 recovery using the selective vanadium ion-exchange resin LSC775 and the leached solution from Jordan Uranium Mining Company (JUMCO) waste, which would remain unutilized. The resin exhibited a high adsorption capacity (500.2 mg g−1) at pH 10.0 and 298 K, with capacity decreasing as temperature increased. The results indicated that HVO42− efficiently chelates with the resin or is adsorbed via electrostatic interactions. The Langmuir model best described the equilibrium data with an L-type isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis revealed spontaneous and favorable adsorption behavior, with ranging from −13.60 to −16.84 kJ mol−1. Kinetic studies, modeled using both physical and empirical approaches, demonstrated that the PSO model provided the best fit to the data, with equilibrium achieved within 120 min. Breakthrough behavior followed the Yoon–Nelson model, with NaOH eluent providing efficient desorption. Under optimized precipitation conditions (pH 8.0, 40 °C, 40 min, and NH4Cl as the precipitant), vanadium recovery reached 89 %, and V2O5 with a purity exceeding 99 % was obtained after roasting NH4VO3. This comprehensive study establishes a complete and sustainable pathway for recovering high-purity V2O5 from uranium mining waste, transforming an environmental liability into an economic resource.