Basic concepts of operational amplifier. Input differential amplifier stage characteristics. Operational Amplifier: voltage transfer characteristic, analysis, and design. Practical Op-Amp limitations. The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). Op-amp circuits and applications: Linear circuits and nonlinear circuits. Integrated circuit fabrication, layout and design rules. Device physics and MOS models. Single-stage amplifiers. Differential amplifiers. Multiple-stage amplifiers. Current mirrors and references. Frequency response. Noise. Feedback techniques for Integrated Circuits. Introduction to switched-capacitor circuits. Nanometer design issues.