Introduction and Overview. Antenna Types. Antenna Parameters. Free Space Path loss. Mathematical formulation. Wire antennas: Short dipole, long and half-wavelength dipoles, standing and traveling wave antennas, wire antennas above the surface of the earth. Loop antennas. Antenna arrays analysis. Microstrip Antennas. Wave equation. Plane, cylindrical, and spherical waves. Wave components and wave polarization. Reflection, refraction and transmission of waves. Huygence’s principal. Physics of the atmosphere. Wave propagation in the troposphere. Space wave. Surface wave. Physics of the ionosphere. Wave propagation in the ionosphere. Sky wave. Effect of the earth magnetic field. Case studies.