Review of Electronics Basics. Diodes and transistors as switches. I/O characteristic. Fan out. Loading factors. Noise immunities. Paralleling gates. TTL gates. I/O characteristic. Fan out. Loading factors. Noise immunities. Paralleling gates. Emitter Coupled Logic. I/O characteristic. Fan out. Loading factors. Noise immunities. Paralleling gates. FETs. MOSFETs. MOSFET gates. Transmission gates and compound gates CMOS gates. CMOS processing technology, photolithography, and fabrication steps. Inverter layout and CMOS design rules. Stick diagrams. Layout strategies Basics of CMOS fabrication and layout. Analog to Digital and Digital to analog converters. Weighted-resistor D/A converter. R-2R D/A converter Parallel A/D converter. Successive approximation A/D converter. The Dual slope A/D converter. A converter using voltage to frequency. A converter using voltage to time. Delta modulation and adaptive delta modulation. CMOS multi-vibrators. Integrated circuit multi vibrators.