Introduction to semiconductors. Electrical properties of intrinsic and doped semiconductors. Diffusion process in semiconductors. The P-N junction. Open-circuit P-N junction. Forward and reverse biased junction. Temperature effects. Small and large-signal models. Junction capacitance and switching times. Diode types and common applications. Rectification. Rectifier filters. Limiting and clamping circuits. Zener, varactor and Schottky diodes. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and photodiodes. Analysis of circuits containing P-N junction diodes. The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): structure, characteristics, models, and configurations. DC biasing and load line analysis. BJT transistor as a switch and amplifier. BJT transistor ratings. The Field-Effect Transistor (FET): structure, characteristics, models, and configurations. Types of FET transistor: Junction Gate Field-Effect Transistor (JFET) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). DC biasing and load line analysis. FET transistor as a switch and amplifier. Analysis of amplifier circuits at low frequencies.