Number Systems and digital waveforms. Basic gates and logic functions. Boolean algebra, Boolean expressions. Logic minimization techniques. VHDL basics. Design, simulation and synthesis tools for programmable logic devices. Combinational logic building blocks including decoders, encoders, multiplexers, demultiplexers, magnitude comparators. VHDL for combinational circuits. Digital arithmetic, adders, subtractors. VHDL for arithmetic circuits. Basics of sequential circuits. Basic latches and flip-flops. Timing parameters and diagrams. Counters, shift registers. Basic PLDs, CPLDs and FPGAs architectures. VHDL for binary counters and shift registers. State machines. System design with state machines using VHDL. Memory devices and systems including RAM, ROM, FIFO, LIFO and dynamic RAM.